SOINN-Based Abnormal Trajectory Detection for Efficient Video Condensation

With the evolution of video surveillance systems, the requirement of video storage grows rapidly; in addition, safe guards and forensic officers spend a great deal of time observing surveillance videos to find abnormal events. As most of the scene in the surveillance video are redundant and contains no information needs attention, we propose a video condensation method to summarize the abnormal events in the video by rearranging the moving trajectory and sort them by the degree of anomaly. Our goal is to improve the condensation rate to reduce more storage size, and increase the accuracy in abnormal detection. As the trajectory feature is the key to both goals, in this paper, a new method for feature extraction of moving object trajectory is proposed, and we use the SOINN (Self-Organizing Incremental Neural Network) method to accomplish a high accuracy abnormal detection. In the results, our method is able to shirk the video size to 10% storage size of the original video, and achieves 95% accuracy of abnormal event detection, which shows our method is useful and applicable to the surveillance industry.     

Oxidative pyrolysis of kraft lignin in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor with air

Fast pyrolysis of kraft lignin with partial (air) oxidation was studied in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor at reaction temperatures of 773 and 823 K. The bio-oil vapors were fractionated using a series of three condensers maintained at desired temperatures, providing a dry bio-oil with less than 1% water and over 96% of the total bio-oil energy.Oxygen feed was varied to study its effect on yield, composition, and energy recovery in the gas, char and oil products. The addition of oxygen to the pyrolysis process increased the production of gases such as CO and CO₂. It also changed the dry bio-oil properties, reducing its heating value, increasing its oxygen content, reducing its average molecular weight and tar concentration, while increasing its phenolics concentration. The lower reaction temperature of 773 K was preferred for both dry bio-oil yield and quality.Autothermal operation of the pyrolysis process was achieved with an oxygen feed of 72 or 54 g per kg of biomass at the reaction temperatures of 773 and 823 K, respectively. Autothermal operation reduced both yield and total energy content of the dry bio-oil, with relative reductions of 24 and 20% for the yield, 28 and 23% for the energy content, at 773 and 823 K.     

1-（2-呋喃基）-2-丙酮的合成

1-（2-呋喃基）-2-丙酮具有水果、辛香、焦糖样和小萝卜样的香气。以糠醛为原料,将其与硝基乙烷缩合得到2-（2-硝基-1-丙烯基）呋喃,然后用硼氢化钠还原得到2-（2-硝基-1-丙基）呋喃,最后采用Nef反应,得到1-（2-呋喃基）-2-丙酮。所有产物的结构通过IR和1H NMR进行了表征。该合成路线原料易得,操作简便,三步反应总收率可以达到54%。     

高含量哒螨灵原药合成研究

以叔丁基肼水溶液、糠氯酸为原料,在甲苯做溶剂、冰乙酸做催化剂条件下经成腙、闭环、脱溶,然后在水相结晶制得高含量2-叔丁基-4,5-二氯-3(2H)-哒嗪酮(以下简称哒嗪酮);哒嗪酮再与对叔丁基苄硫醇在甲醇做溶剂的条件下经缩合、脱甲醇、水相结晶制得高含量哒螨灵原药。反应具有操作稳定、收率高的优点,缩合反应在低温下进行,有利于提高产品质量及收率;哒螨灵在一定浓度的稀碱水溶液中结晶,其含量可达到96%以上。该方法具有产品质量高、成本低的优点,适合工业化生产。     

A Nanochannel Platform for Single DNA Studies: From Crowding,Protein DNA Interaction,to Sequencing of Genomic Information

The study of nanochannel-confined DNA is important from biotechnological and biophysical points of view. We produce nanochannels in elastomer with soft lithography and proton beam writing. Issues concerning DNA confined in such quasi one-dimensional channels are discussed. We describe DNA stretching via the control of channel diameter and buffer conditions and how the extension can be interpreted with theory and computer simulation. We then discuss the conformation of nano-confined DNA crowded by neutral polymers and like-charged proteins. As an example of a protein that has an affinity to DNA, the effect of heat-stable nucleoid-structuring protein, H-NS, on the folding and compaction of DNA is reviewed. Compaction of DNA by eukaryotic protamine and unpacking of pre-compacted DNA through an increase in salt concentration are discussed. We review results obtained with a novel, cross-channel device that allows the monitoring of the dynamic, conformational response of DNA after exposure to a ligand or protein and/or a change in buffer conditions in situ. As a biotechnological application, linearization of DNA by bottlebrush coating with a polypeptide copolymer is discussed. It is demonstrated that large-scale genomic organization can be sequenced using single DNA molecules on an array of elastomeric nanochannels. Overall, our results show that the effects of ligands and proteins on the conformation, folding, and condensation of DNA are not only related to classical controlling factors, such as osmotic pressure, charge, and binding, but that the interplay with confinement in a nanospace is of paramount importance.     

球磨法促进芳香醛与丙二睛的Knoevenagel缩合反应

以芳香醛和丙二睛为原料,NaCl为助磨剂,在无催化剂、无溶剂的条件下,通过球磨反应,以较高的收率合成了一系列Knoevenagel缩合反应产物,产物结构经过1H NMR和MS表征。本方法具有条件温和,后处理简单,环境友好,产率高等优点。     

瑞德南特的合成研究

以4-（4’-羟基苯基）-1-乙酰哌嗪（Ⅰ）为原料,经醚化和水解合成了中间体1-（4’-甲氧乙氧苯基）哌嗪（Ⅲ）;从2-呋喃甲酸甲酯（Ⅳ）出发,经酰化、闭环和卤代反应合成了具有氮杂稠环结构中间体（Ⅶ）;最后,中间体（Ⅲ）和中间体（Ⅶ）经缩合反应合成了瑞德南特。采用FT-IR、1HNMR和ESI-MS对中间体及目标化合物进行了结构确认。采用常规合成方法,六步反应的收率分别为99.0%、95.4%、98.0%、78.9%、86.9%（以Cl计）和52.5%。为了提高反应总产率,采用超声合成对最后一步缩合反应进行了改进。结果表明,在150 W超声条件下,n（中间体2）：n（中间体5）=1.2:1,DMSO为溶剂,碳酸钠为缚酸剂,反应温度90 ℃,反应时间1.5 h,缩合反应的收率为85.4%,产率得到了大幅度提高。     

Friedlnder缩合反应合成C-2-β-D-葡萄糖基喹啉

采用葡萄糖和2,4-戊二酮经Knoevenagel缩合反应制备得到β-丙酮基葡萄糖,β-丙酮基葡萄糖与苯环取代的邻氨基苯甲醛经Friedlnder缩合反应,以高达90%的产率合成了4个结构新颖的葡萄糖基喹啉类化合物.目标化合物的结构均经1HNMR,13CNMR和元素分析确证。     

固相研磨反应在缩合反应中的应用

固相研磨有机合成方法比传统的有机合成方法方便,易操作。在研磨条件下许多传统的反应可以在较温和的条件下进行,能有效的提高收率或反应的选择性。本文主要综述了固相研磨反应在Knoevenagel缩合、醇醛缩合、wittig缩合、Biginelli缩合、希夫碱缩合等缩合反应中的应用。     

UNIPOL PE气相流化床工艺冷凝态操作冷剂浓度分析

通过对神华包头煤化工聚乙烯装置冷凝态操作的研究,同时结合在实际生产过程中的操作经验,详细阐述了聚合反应热量动态平衡原理及冷凝态操作特点,并从异戊烷浓度对露点、反应系统稳定控制、催化剂活性、产品质量及静电控制等反应参数的影响进行分析,肯定了冷凝态操作对气相流化床工艺操作能力的优化及提升。